课件名称:词汇的基本知识
制作人:孙红梅,寻阳
单位:曲阜师范大学外国语学院
Chapter I
The basic concepts of
words and vocabulary
Objectives:
Introduce a definition of a word;
Put forward the three main principles of lexical classification;
Elaborate on the features of basic word stock and non-basic vocabulary.
Teaching focus:
Definition of a word
Definition of vocabulary
Classification of words
Basic word stock and non-basic vocabulary
Content words and functional words
Native words and borrowed words
1.1 What is a word
A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.
词是具有一定的声音,意义和语法功能,能独立运用的最小的语言单位.
1.2 What is vocabulary
The total number of the words in a language.
All the words used in a particular historical period.
All the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person.
1.3 Sound and meaning
What's the relationship between sound and meaning
Arbitrary
Conventional
1.4 Sound and form
What causes the differences between sound and form
More morphemes than letters,
Stabilization of spelling,
Deliberate change of spelling by early, scribes for easier recognition,
Borrowing of foreign words.
1.5 Classification of words
Criterion : by use frequency
Basic word stock
Non-basic wocabulary
Criterion: by notion
Content words
Functional words
Criterion : by use frequency
Native words
Borrowed words
Basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary
基本词汇和非基本词汇
Basic word stock
5 basic features of the basic word stock
All national character 全民性
Stability 稳定性
Productivity 能产性
Polysemy 多义性
Collocability 搭配能力强
Non-basic vocabulary
Terminology 专业术语
Jargon 行话
Slang 俚语
Argot 隐语
Dialectal words 方言词
Archaisms 古语词
Neologisms 新词语
2. Content words and functional words
实义词和功能词
Content words/Notional words/Lexical words
Constitute the main body of the English vocabulary, numerous and the number is ever growing
Functional words/Empty/form words/Grammatical words
Constitute a very small number of the vocabulary; stable
3. Native words and borrowed words
本族语词和外来语词
Native words / Angle-Saxon words
The features of native words
Borrowed words/ loan words / borrowings
Denizens 同化词
Aliens 非同化词
Translation-loans 译借词
Semantic loans 语义借词
Denizens are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language.
同化词指早期借入, 其拼写和读音完全符合本族语词规范的借词.
Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling.
非同化词指拼写和读音保持原样的借词.
Translation loans are words and expressions formed from the existing material in the English language but modeled on the patterns taken from another language.
翻译借词是利用英语中现有的语言材料但模仿另一种语言的模式而构成的词.
Semantic loans are words borrowed a new meaning for an existing word in the language.
语义借词指受另一种语言中相关词语的影响而借进新义的词.
Assignment
Answer the following questions:
What is a word
What are the characteristics of the basic word stock
What is the fundamental difference between content and functional words
The End
Thank you!